Video Games Cause Violence Essay - 546 Words

Video Games Cause Violence Video games have become a major occupation of majority of the youth these days. They spend hours on end concentrating on video games, some of which are apparently very violent, yet this is actually the whole idea. Coming from the horses mouth is an argument in support of video games coined from a video programmers point of view, stating that violent video games allow people to do what they can not do in reality- virtual reality. ( http://www.theroc.org/roc-mag/textarch/roc-15/roc15-08.htm ) For instance, someone said to be having a bad day could use a violent video game to release stress by shooting down a couple hundred bad men than actually taking an AK-47 and spilling down a few brains down the†¦show more content†¦The focus on these games is not only to kill, but also to torture and maim in the process. (http://archive.abcnews.go.com/sections/tech/DailyNews/internetgames981201.html) The story line behind some violent video games includes games in which players earn points by carjacking taxis, scoring drugs from cursing thugs, and mowing down pedestrians.(see http://www.feedmag.com/vgs/duncan.html) Some cartoonish tag lines in some sadistic video games include : -- As easy as killing babies with axes and More fun than killing your neighbours cats. This kind of themes definitely influence the players, especially the younger ones, and inflict violent tendencies on them. It is no wonder, that this killing mania in violent games was seen to seep out into the actual world when a high school junior opened fire in his school cafetaria in Littleton, Colorado, killing two of his classmates. The gunman was reported to be an ardent fan of Quake and Doom, some rather violent video games. More proof of the relationship between video games and violence is revealed by a study which clearly reveals how this kind of entertainment affects our lives. Greater details of the hi story of how high school students turned gunmen in Columbine High School are given, which shows that the effect of video games in their lives was a major source of influence in doing what they did best. In the light of all these, it is very clear that virtual reality asShow MoreRelatedViolent Video Games Cause Increased Violence Essay1855 Words   |  8 Pagesobjective of video games is to entertain people by surprising them with new experiences.† (Shigeru Miyamoto) Shigeru Miyamoto is the creator of some of gaming’s most iconic video game characters, Mario Jumpman Mario, Link and Donkey Kong; while also, serving as co-Representative Director of the game company, Nintendo and is highly respected. Miyamoto, based on the quote provided, feels that video games are meant to entertain people and nothing more. However, many people feel as though video games only causeRead MoreViolent Video Games Cause Violence : Cause Of Violence And Video Games1377 Words   |  6 PagesLit. 27 November 2017 The Blame Game Statistically, 2017 has become the year with second lowest crimes rates since 1990, assuming there isn’t a big resurgence in violent crime between now and the end of the year (Bump). However, violent crimes continue to be a problem in modern-day America. Many have sought out to find out the root of these crimes and what causes them, and as a result, many different things have been cited as a cause for violence. Violent video games are said to be a possible sourceRead MoreVideo Games Cause Violence1931 Words   |  8 PagesVideo Games Cause Violence Video game violence is an increasing problem in today’s youth with violence as one of the most popular themes. Games such as Grand Theft Auto and Call of Duty are among the most popular games and have been scientifically proven to have a major effect on teens. Many people try to argue that there is a difference in the effects between genders, however it has been proven wrong. Video games have the same effects as other forms of entertainment but do not get attacked likeRead MoreVideo Game Violence : The Cause Of Violent Video Games1000 Words   |  4 Pagesmentioned that the cause of violent video games became an issue for public debate after teenagers and the main cause of this is the parallel effect. Based on the Studies done for violent video games correspond with individuals having violent acts. Also, young adolescents reveal that those who play a lot of violent video games become more aggressive and see the world as more hostile. The article also revealed that this acts would be a coincidence or a cause from playing violent videos. Additionally, researchersRead MoreDo Video Games Cause Violence?752 Words   |  3 Pageswith, video games are something kids, teens, and even adults enjoy playing every day. Video games have provided people endless hours of entertainment to people across the globe, yet people seemingly want to get rid of video games altogether. Whenever any sort of crime occurs and a report comes out that the individual plays video games, video games take the blame rather than the person who committed the crime. Video games tend to be a very common scapegoat for causing violence. However, video gamesRead MoreViolent Video Games Cause Violence843 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games have been around for half a century when, the first simple tennis game was designed by William Higinbotham in 1958. Since then, video games have gotten more in depth, with better graphics and more options which include violent video games. Violent videos have g otten more popular with a better amount of variety including the franchise of Call of Duty, Battlefield, and Grand Theft Auto. These are the most common and popular video games and because of the violence in them debate has startedRead MoreVideo Games Do Not Cause Violence1619 Words   |  7 PagesVideo game violence has been a discussion dating back to games like Pac-Man and Space Invaders to current games like Call of Duty and Mario. Many people are lead to believe that video games can cause children to act violent. However, video games do not cause violence in children. Video games can help in many ways either in society, people with certain disorders, or improve some mental issues. Video games help shape society in the way they bring people together. Video games are said to bring kindnessRead MoreVideo Games : Can It Cause Violence?1379 Words   |  6 PagesVictor Chau Professor Myers ENGL-1301 Video Games: Can it cause violence? Any action against violent video games should be met with more research and that any banning of violent video games should come under more significant scrutiny. For sometime, many people consider violent video games to be the cause of violent behavior in the younger generations. However there are also people who would refute such claims that violent video games are the causes of tragedies, and would point to another reasonRead MoreViolent Video Games Cause Violence1906 Words   |  8 PagesEver since he started playing video games, like Call of Duty. Violent video games have been a battle that my family has been fighting for a few years now. My brother, started out small, playing Nintendo games and simple games like Crash. However, m y brother has always had a slight anger management problem and even with easygoing games, he became furious when he lost. Because he has lofty dreams of winning every game possible, he will not stop. Now, with video games, like Call of Duty and God of WarRead MoreEssay on Violent Video Games Cause Violence? 1170 Words   |  5 Pagesand aggression is everywhere; in magazines, in the shops, on the TV, on websites like YouTube as well as in video games. Yet, why is it that those video games are assumed to be the biggest media source responsible for the violent outbursts of different individuals? Is this really the case? Every eight out of ten homes in the United Kingdom own a existing generation games console and video games have become a extraordinary source of education when helping kids to learn, such websites like educationcity

The Most Admired Corporate Leaders in Malaysia Free Essays

The Most Admired Corporate Leaders in Malaysia Corporate leaders are shining examples of what individuals with sound management skills, dynamic leadership and vision could do in driving companies to become multimillion ringgit powerhouses. All of them have led their respective organizations to become symbols of Malaysian corporate success. Top 10 of Malaysia salutes these corporate greats in a survey that recognizes the top 10 leaders in the country today. We will write a custom essay sample on The Most Admired Corporate Leaders in Malaysia or any similar topic only for you Order Now These vibrant personalities are inspiring icons indeed and their beautiful success stories are exemplary of what great heights can be achieved when one dares to dream big. Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr Tony Fernandes As the Group CEO of AirAsia Bhd, Tan Sri Tony is probably Malaysia’s most recognizable corporate figure with his trademark baseball cap. Tan Sri Tony began his career in the music industry with Warner Music. Soon he decided to leave the music industry to pursue his childhood dream of setting up Malaysia’s first low-cost airline. He mortgaged his house and pooled all his savings to acquire a failing government airline that had a fleet of only two ageing Boeing 737-300 planes and RM40 million worth of debt. The company soon grew from two planes in 2002 to a fleet of more than 86 aircraft flying more than 30 million people around the world. Tan Sri Tony’s vision in transforming an ailing airline company to become the world’s best low-cost carrier (awarded by Skytrax) is a testament to the Malaysia Boleh spirit. Tan Sri Dato’ Dr Robert Kuok Hock Nien Born on 6 October 1923 in Johor Bahru and educated at the prestigious Raffles Institution in Singapore, Tan Sri Dato’ Dr Kuok made his money in sugar, palm oil, shipping and property. Also known as the â€Å"Sugar King†, his Kuok Group boasts of a huge network of companies under three main holding companies in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. He also controls South China Morning Post, once the world’s most profitable daily newspaper. His biggest source of wealth is his stake in Wilmar, the world’s largest listed palm oil company. According to Forbes magazine in March 2011, Tan Sri Kuok’s assets are worth an incredible USD12. 5 billion, making him the richest man in Malaysia. Ananda Krishnan Ananda Krishnan began building his multimedia empire in the early 1990s and today he owns two major telecommunication companies – Maxis Communications and Astro All Asia Network – apart from having three communication satellites circumnavigating the earth. He also owns stakes in public listed Tanjong Public Limited Company, an investment holding company with subsidiaries in power generation, gaming, leisure and property. Krishnan has a Masters in Business Administration from Harvard University and is worth USD9. 5 billion (Forbes magazine, March 2011), making him the second richest man in Malaysia. Now a major philanthropist, Krishnan focuses on developing Malaysia’s talent pool by funding scholarships and school programs. Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr Yeoh Tiong Lay He is the founder of YTL Corporation, Malaysia’s biggest and most successful conglomerate with businesses in construction, utilities, hotels, property development and technology. It is one of the largest companies listed on Bursa Malaysia with a combined market capitalization of about RM33. 5 billion (as at 31 July 2011). YTL Corporation became the first Asian non-Japanese company to be listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange since 1996. In January 2008, Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr Yeoh was conferred the prestigious Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon by the Emperor of Japan for his efforts in promoting bilateral relations between Malaysia and Japan. Tan Sri Vincent Tan Chee Yioun Born in 1952 in Batu Pahat, Johor, Tan Sri Vincent Tan is the Chairman of Berjaya Corporation Berhad. He is a businessman and entrepreneur with a suite of interests in property development and investment, gaming, stockbroking, manufacturing, trading, hospitality, internet-related businesses, utilities, media, telecommunications, insurance and education. According to Forbes 2010 Billionaire List, Tan Sri Vincent Tan’s assets are worth USD1. 2 billion. In February this year, he pledged to donate half of his wealth to charity, starting with RM20 million this year. This came about because of his decision to join â€Å"The Giving Pledge† that was initiated by Bill Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Dr Teh Hong Piow Founder of Public Bank, Tan Sri Teh is currently the Chairman of the Public Bank Group, apart from holding leadership positions in various organizations in Malaysia and Singapore. He began his banking career in 1950 as a bank clerk in Overseas-Chinese Banking Corporation Ltd. In 1960 he joined Malayan Banking Berhad as Manager and was promoted to General Manager at a relatively young age of 34. Tan Sri Teh then left Malayan Banking in 1966 to set up Public Bank. He has since then been the driving force behind the bank’s evolution into a modern and integrated financial powerhouse. Tan Sri Datuk Hj Mustapha Kamal Currently the Executive Chairman of MK Land Holdings Berhad, Tan Sri Datuk Mustapha is also co-founder of MK Land Group of Companies. The Group is noted for developing the Damansara Perdana township in Selangor. Tan Sri Mustapha graduated from University of Malaya and started his career in 1970 as an Assistant District Officer and later rose to become the Deputy Commissioner of Lands Mines for the Selangor State Government. It was his move to Shah Alam Properties Sdn Bhd as Managing Director that provided him with the opportunity to harness necessary skills and knowledge in property development. In 1983, Tan Sri Mustapha formed the EMKAY Group of Companies. Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr Jeffrey Cheah An accountant by training, Tan Sri Jeffrey is the Founder and Chairman of the Sunway Group. The Group is one of the most widely diversified conglomerates in Malaysia with core businesses in education, healthcare, civil engineering and construction, property development and investment, and many more. It is known for its flagship development, the Sunway Integrated Resort City in Petaling Jaya. Tan Sri Jeffrey is passionately involved in governmental and non-governmental organizations. His passion to improve the lives of bright Malaysian students was inspired by English clergyman John Harvard who donated his entire library of books and half his wealth to an educational institution which is known today as the prestigious Harvard University. Tan Sri Azman Hashim Tan Sri Azman Hashim is a well-known corporate figure in Malaysia. He is the Chairman of the AmBank Group, a position he has held since 1982. His professional experience began in Perth, Australia in the 1950s when he was employed by Messrs O. L. Haines Co (Chartered Accountants). He then joined Bank Negara Malaysia and by 1964 he left to start his own accountancy practice. Then he joined Malayan Banking Berhad as its Executive Director. In 1980 he was appointed Chairman of Kwong Yik Bank Berhad and went on to become Chairman of the AmBank Group in 1982 till to date. Tan Sri Azman has a passion for golf and water sports like powerboats and scuba diving. He is blessed with two sons, three daughters and ten grandchildren. Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Liew Kee Sin Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Liew Kee Sin is the President and Chief Executive Officer of SP Setia Berhad, a public listed property developer. Under the leadership of Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Liew, the Group’s profit after tax rose by 163% and its dividend payout ratio grew 100%, all within a short span of five years between 2001 and 2006. Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Liew began his career with a local merchant bank in 1981 after graduating from University of Malaya with an Honours Degree in Economics. After five years in the banking industry, he decided to venture into property development and developed his first project called Bukit Indah in Ampang, Selangor. How to cite The Most Admired Corporate Leaders in Malaysia, Essays

During The Late Seventeen Hundreds, Many Tumultuous Events Essay Example For Students

During The Late Seventeen Hundreds, Many Tumultuous Events Essay resulted in Colonial opposition to Great Britain. The conditions ofrights of the colonists will slowly be changed as the constriction ofthe parliament becomes more and more intolerable. During the SevenYears War England was not only alarmed by the colonists insistenceon trading with the enemy, but also with Boston merchants hiring JamesOtis inorder to protest the legality of the writs of assistance(general search warrants) used to hunt out smuggled goods. let theparliament lay what burthens they please on us, we must, it is ourduty to submit and patiently bear them, till they will be pleased torelieve us.. This is a very strong dictum, that in 1764, thecolonists were of a submissive nature, and were weakly pleading forself-autonomy. This small fire of anger will become a hugeconflagration as the rights are slowly rescinded. On October 19, 1765 the Stamp Act Congress and ParliamentaryTaxation committees passed some laws that attempted to strengthen thegrip of the English crown. I.That his Majestys subjects in thesecolonies, owe the same allegiance to the Crown of Great Britain thatis owing from his subjects born within the realm, and all duesubordination to that august body, the Parliament of Great Britain.This statement can be used as a summation of the entire document thatthe Stamp Act Congress had initiated. The statement depicts thecolonists has having to be submissive and servile in the view of GreatBritain, this policy angered the colonists very much, and was anothercomponent of the transition of the colonists rights and liberties. When the Declatory Act was passed in March of 1766, manycolonies were attempting to claim that they were seceding fromEngland. Whereas several of the houses of representatives in hisMajestys colonies and plantations in America, have of late, againstlaw, or to the general assemblies of the same, the sole and exclusiveright of imposing duties and taxes upon his Majestys subjects in thesaid colonies.be it declared ., that the said colonies andplantations in America, have been, are, and of right ought to be,subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial Crown and Parliamentof Great Britain;. The Parliament of course denounced the attempt atindependance and still dogmatilcally passed the following law to showthat the colonists were still british subjects. Again, the colonistswere infuriated and later will resist the british imperialism on thecolonies. All before, are calculated to regulate trade, and preserveprpromote a mutually beneficial intercourse between the severalconstituent parts of the empite, yet those duties were alwaysimposed with design to restrain the commerce of one part. Thisstatement by the colonist (John Dickinson), shows that th sole rasonfor new taxes is just for the British govt to make money, at theexpense of the economy of the colonies. Dickinson makes a importantdistinction between the rights of the colonies and the authority ofthe parliament. Dickinsons comments were ubiquitous among thecolonists, and thus infuriated them to rebellion, and the seizure ofbasic democratic rights. From necessity of the case, and a regard to the mutualinterest of both countries, we cheerfully consent to the operation ofsuch acts of the British parliament as are bona fide restrained to theregulation of our external commerce, for the purpose of securing thecommercial advantages of the whole empire to the mother country, andthe commercial benefits of its respective members excluding everyidea of taxation, internal or external, for raising a revenue on thesubjects in America without their consent . The continentalcongress had presented its colonial rights. These rights enable thecolonies to be more autonomous with exception to those several stateswho are under the british control. One important element of thedocument, is the idea of taxation without representation; the saidthat raising taxes without consent was illegal and that the commercialbenefits of the colony should be shared within the colonies, insteadof England becoming more and more economically prosperous. The wholeidea o f mercantilism was about to be crushed, due to this idea, ofself-autonomy with respect to colonial economics. .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902 , .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902 .postImageUrl , .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902 , .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902:hover , .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902:visited , .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902:active { border:0!important; } .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902:active , .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902 .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e3a99a29cadea1b0518d743b3669902:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Behavioral Treatments in Autism EssayYe that oppose independence now, ye know not what ye do, yeare opening a door to eternal tyranny.. This statement made byThomas Paine shows the foreshadowing, of what colonists would do. TheBritish are trying to prevent independence, and from doing so, theyare being tyrannical. Again, the rights of the colonists are beingquestioned and rebellion shortly will be forthcoming. That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive ofthese ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it,and to institute new government, laying its foundations on suchprinciples and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shallseem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.. What thedeclaration is really saying, is that a society who has no or littlerights (such as the colonies) should be destroyed, thus separationfrom England. A new society would follow, where the people of thesociety would have these rights necessary for self-autonomy. TheDeclaration of Independence was a strong justification for revolution. The Revolution follows the Declaration of Independence, where atransition occurs. The transition has to do with the rights of thecolonists. The colonists acquire their rights through resistance tobritish imperial conformity, by resisting certain policies detrimentalto the inalienable rights of a democracy. The transitional period wasfrom 1760s to 1770s. This is a crucial period of time, because thisis where the center of power is transferred from the britishgovernment (Parliament) to the colonial citizens. A major component tothis center of power was the rights of the colonists, the colonistsgained their rights through resistence to an imperial power. Thistransition is depicted through the progression of time in thedocuments.

Why Home Schooled Students Should Have Access to Extracurricular Activities Essay Example For Students

Why Home Schooled Students Should Have Access to Extracurricular Activities Essay Over the years I was plagued with questions about my homeschooling: â€Å"You mean you don’t go to school?† Or my favorite: â€Å"So you wake up whenever you want?†, both of which are good questions for this obscure child that doesn’t â€Å"go to school†. I was weird. Although I assumed this was simply the childish reaction, there was always part of me that dreaded the question, even from adults. Why had my parents chosen this for me? Religious reasons? Inferior public schooling? Really it boiled down to the belief that they could better tailor my education and develop a more creative and energetic mind in their children. Homeschooling was the difficult but sacrificial choice my parents made for my siblings and I, and we thank them for it. We will write a custom essay on Why Home Schooled Students Should Have Access to Extracurricular Activities specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Although homeschooling seems to be gaining ground as a more acceptable and less obscure form of education than in previous years, the general public has yet to fully embrace it. One big battle is the debate over extracurricular activities offered by public schools and their policies regarding the inclusion of local homeschool children. Should they be allowed to take part in the school’s offerings, even if they don’t attend the school for classes? Extracurriculars can be an important part of a child’s development. Team sports, for example, offer lessons in fairness, teamwork, disappointment and even victory. Although perhaps some of these lessons aren’t considered necessities in the educational world, we can all agree these are beneficial lessons every child should have a chance to learn. Homeschooling is often considered a sub-par form of education when in reality it offers a full and rich educational experience that deserves similar rights to the publicl y educated, including access to public school extracurr. .from The State of Alabamas Tim Tebow Bill: Frequently Asked Questions and Answers. Www.timtebowbill.com. 2006. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. HSLDA: Homeschooling Advocates since 1983. HSLDA: Homeschooling Advocates since 1983. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.Homeschooling Grows Up. HSLDA | Socialization: Homeschoolers Are in the Real World. N.p., n. d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. Lawernce, Julia. Homeschooling Ranks Growing Nationwide. Education News Number of Homeschoolers Growing Nationwide Comments. Education News, 1 May 2012. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. Wright, Rebecca. Homeschoolers Should Participate in Public School Athletics.Homeschooling. Ed. Noah Berlatsky. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from Homeschool Students Belong in School Sports. Jackson Sun 26 July 2009. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.

The Battle of Peleliu in World War II

The Battle of Peleliu in World War II The Battle of Peleliu was fought September 15 to November 27, 1944, during World War II (1939-1945). Part of the Allies island-hopping strategy, it was believed that Peleliu needed to be captured before operations could commence against either the Philippines or Formosa. While planners had originally believed that the operation would only require a few days, it ultimately took over two months to secure the island as its nearly 11,000 defenders retreated into a system of interconnected bunkers, strong points, and caves. The garrison exacted a heavy price on the attackers and the Allied effort quickly became a bloody, grinding affair. On November 27, 1944, after weeks of bitter fighting, Peleliu was declared secure. Background Having advanced across the Pacific after victories at Tarawa, Kwajalein, Saipan, Guam, and Tinian, Allied leaders reached a crossroads regarding future strategy. While General Douglas MacArthur favored advancing into the Philippines to make good his promise to liberate that country, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz preferred to capture Formosa and Okinawa, which could serve springboards for future operations against China and Japan. Flying to Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt met with both commanders before ultimately electing to follow MacArthurs recommendations. As part of the advance to the Philippines, it was believed that Peleliu in the Palau Islands needed to be captured to secure the Allies right flank (Map). Fast Facts: Battle of Peleliu Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: September 15 to November 27, 1944Armies Commanders:AlliesMajor General William RupertusRear Admiral Jesse Oldendorf1st Marine Division (17,490 men), 81st Infantry Division (10,994 men)Japanese:Colonel Kunio Nakagawaapprox. 11,000 menCasualties:Allies: 2,336 killed and 8,450 wounded/missingJapanese: 10,695 killed and 202 captured The Allied Plan Responsibility for the invasion was given to Major General Roy S. Geigers III Amphibious Corps and Major General William Rupertuss 1st Marine Division was assigned to make the initial landings. Supported by naval gunfire from Rear Admiral Jesse Oldendorfs ships offshore, the Marines were to assault beaches on the southwest side of the island. Going ashore, the plan called for the 1st Marine Regiment to land to the north, the 5th Marine Regiment in the center, and the 7th Marine Regiment in the south. Hitting the beach, the 1st and 7th Marines would cover the flanks as the 5th Marines drove inland to capture Pelelius airfield. This done, the 1st Marines, led by Colonel Lewis Chesty Puller were to turn north and attack the islands highest point, Umurbrogol Mountain. In assessing the operation, Rupertus expected to secure the island in a matter of days. Colonel Lewis Chesty Puller, 1950. US Marine Corps A New Plan The defense of Peleliu was overseen by Colonel Kunio Nakagawa. Following a string of defeats, the Japanese began to reassess their approach to island defense. Rather than attempting to halt Allied landings on the beaches, they devised a new strategy which called for islands to be heavily fortified with strong points and bunkers. These were to be connected by caves and tunnels which would allow troops to be safely shifted with ease to meet each new threat. To support this system, troops would make limited counterattacks rather than the reckless banzai charges of the past. While efforts would be made to disrupt enemy landings, this new approach sought to bleed the Allies white once they were ashore. The key to Nakagawas defenses were over 500 caves in the Umurbrogol Mountain complex. Many of these were further fortified with steel doors and gun emplacements. At the north of the Allies intended invasion beach, the Japanese tunneled through a 30-foot high coral ridge and installed a variety of guns and bunkers. Known as The Point, the Allies had no knowledge of the ridges existence as it did not show on existing maps. In addition, the islands beaches were heavily mined and strewn with a variety of obstacles to hamper potential invaders. Unaware of the change in Japanese defensive tactics, Allied planning moved forward as normal and the invasion of Peleliu was dubbed Operation Stalemate II. A Chance to Reconsider To aid in operation, Admiral William Bull Halseys carriers commenced a series of raids in the Palaus and Philippines. These met little Japanese resistance led him to contact Nimitz on September 13, 1944, with several suggestions. First, he recommended that the attack on Peleliu be abandoned as unneeded and that the assigned troops be given to MacArthur for operations in the Philippines. He also stated that the invasion of the Philippines should begin immediately. While leaders in Washington, DC agreed to move up the landings in the Philippines, they elected to push forward with the Peleliu operation as Oldendorf had begun the pre-invasion bombardment on September 12 and troops were already arriving in the area. Going Ashore As Oldendorfs five battleships, four heavy cruisers, and four light cruisers pounded Peleliu, carrier aircraft also struck targets across the island. Expending a massive amount of ordnance, it was believed that the garrison was completely neutralized. This was far from the case as the new Japanese defense system survived nearly untouched. At 8:32 AM on September 15, the 1st Marine Division began their landings. The first wave of LVTs moves toward the invasion beaches, passing through the inshore bombardment line of LCI gunboats. Cruisers and battleships are bombarding from the distance. The landing area is almost totally hidden in dust and smoke. US Naval History and Heritage Command Coming under heavy fire from batteries at either end of the beach, the division lost many LVTs (Landing Vehicle Tracked) and DUKWs forcing large numbers of Marines to wade ashore. Pushing inland, only the 5th Marines made any substantial progress. Reaching the edge of the airfield, they succeeded in turning back a Japanese counterattack consisting of tanks and infantry (Map). A Bitter Grind The next day, the 5th Marines, enduring heavy artillery fire, charged across the airfield and secured it. Pressing on, they reached the eastern side of the island, cutting off the Japanese defenders to the south. Over the next several days, these troops were reduced by the 7th Marines. Near the beach, Pullers 1st Marines began attacks against The Point. In bitter fighting, Pullers men, led by Captain George Hunts company, succeeded in reducing the position. Despite this success, the 1st Marines endured nearly two days of counterattacks from Nakagawas men. Moving inland, the 1st Marines turned north and began engaging the Japanese in the hills around Umurbrogol. Sustaining serious losses, the Marines made slow progress through the maze of valleys and soon named the area Bloody Nose Ridge. As the Marines ground their way through the ridges, they were forced to endure nightly infiltration attacks by the Japanese. Having sustained 1,749 casualties, approximately 60% of the regiment, in several days fighting, the 1st Marines were withdrawn by Geiger and replaced with the 321st Regimental Combat Team from the US Armys 81st Infantry Division. The 321st RCT landed north of the mountain on September 23 and began operations. A U.S. Marine Corps Chance Vought F4U-1 Corsair aircraft attacks a Japanese bunker at the Umurbrogol mountain on Peleliu with napalm bombs. US Marine Corps Supported by the 5th and 7th Marines, they had a similar experience to Pullers men. On September 28, the 5th Marines took part in a short operation to capture Ngesebus Island, just north of Peleliu. Going ashore, they secured the island after a brief fight. Over the next few weeks, Allied troops continued to slowly battle their way through Umurbrogol. With the 5th and 7th Marines badly battered, Geiger withdrew them and replaced them with the 323rd RCT on October 15. With the 1st Marine Division fully removed from Peleliu, it was sent back to Pavuvu in the Russell Islands to recover. Bitter fighting in and around Umurbrogol continued for another month as the 81st Division troops struggled to expel the Japanese from the ridges and caves. On November 24, with American forces closing in, Nakagawa committed suicide. Three days later, the island was finally declared secure. Aftermath One of the costliest operations of the war in the Pacific, the Battle of Peleliu saw Allied forces sustain 2,336 killed and 8,450 wounded/missing. The 1,749 casualties sustained by Pullers 1st Marines nearly equaled the entire divisions losses for the earlier Battle of Guadalcanal. Japanese losses were 10,695 killed and 202 captured. Though a victory, the Battle of Peleliu was quickly overshadowed by the Allied landings on Leyte in the Philippines, which commenced on October 20, as well as the Allied triumph at the Battle of Leyte Gulf. The battle itself became a controversial topic as Allied forces took severe losses for an island that ultimately possessed little strategic value and was not used to support future operations. The new Japanese defensive approach was later used at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. In an interesting twist, a party of Japanese soldiers held out on Peleliu until 1947 when they had to be convinced by a Japanese admiral that the war was over.

The Geographic Adventures of Captain James Cook

The Geographic Adventures of Captain James Cook James Cook was born in 1728 in Marton, England. His father was a Scottish migrant farm worker who allowed James to apprentice on coal carrying boats at the age of eighteen. While working in the North Sea, Cook spent his free time learning math and navigation. This led to his appointment as mate. Searching for something more adventurous, in 1755 he volunteered for the British Royal Navy and took part in the Seven Years War and was an instrumental part of the surveying of the St. Lawrence River, which helped in the capture of Quebec from the French. Cook'sFirst Voyage Following the war, Cooks skill at navigation and interest in astronomy made him the perfect candidate to lead an expedition planned by the Royal Society and Royal Navy to Tahiti to observe the infrequent passage of Venus across the face of the sun. Precise measurements of this event were needed worldwide in order to determine the accurate distance between the earth and sun. Cook set sail from England in August, 1768 on the Endeavor. His first stop was Rio de Janeiro, then the Endeavor proceeded west to Tahiti where camp was established and the transit of Venus was measured. After the stop in Tahiti, Cook had orders to explore and claim possessions for Britain. He charted New Zealand and the east coast of Australia (known as New Holland at the time). From there he proceeded to the East Indies (Indonesia) and across the Indian Ocean to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. It was an easy voyage between Africa and home; arriving in July, 1771. Cook's Second Voyage The Royal Navy promoted James Cook to Captain following his return and had a new mission for him, to find Terra Australis Incognita, the unknown southern land. In the 18th century, it was believed that there was much more land south of the equator than had already been discovered. Cooks first voyage did not disprove claims of a huge landmass near the South Pole between New Zealand and South America. Two ships, the Resolution and the Adventure left in July, 1772 and headed to Cape Town just in time for the southern summer. Captain James Cook proceeded south from Africa and turned around after encountering large amounts of floating pack ice (he came within 75 miles of Antarctica). He then sailed to New Zealand for the winter and in summer proceeded south again past the Antarctic Circle (66.5 ° South). By circumnavigating the southern waters around Antarctica, he indisputably determined that there was no habitable southern continent. During this voyage, he also discovered several island chains in the Pacific Ocean. After Captain Cook arrived back in Britain in July, 1775, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and received their highest honor for his geographic exploration. Soon Cooks skills would again be put to use. Cook's Third Voyage The Navy wanted Cook to determine if there was a Northwest Passage, a mythical waterway which would allow sailing between Europe and Asia across the top of North America. Cook set out in July of 1776 and rounded the southern tip of Africa and headed east across the Indian Ocean. He passed between the North and South islands of New Zealand (through Cook Strait) and towards the coast of North America. He sailed along the coast of what would become Oregon, British Columbia, and Alaska and proceeded through the Bering Straight. His navigation of the Bering Sea was halted by the impassible Arctic ice. Upon yet again discovering that something did not exist, he continued his voyage. Captain James Cooks  last stop was in February, 1779 at the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) where he was killed in a fight with islanders over the theft of a boat. Cooks explorations dramatically increased European knowledge of the world. As a ship captain and skilled cartographer, he filled in many gaps on world maps. His contributions to eighteenth century science helped propel further exploration and discovery for many generations.

Evaluation of Three Different Types of Spectroscopy Lab Report

Evaluation of Three Different Types of Spectroscopy - Lab Report Example The sample is then heated via flame, plasma or electricity; this causes desolvation, liquefaction, vaporization and finally atomization (Sagi & Rathnam, 2013). Components include; a) The light source which is usually a hollow cathode lamp. Atoms of different elements absorb specific wavelengths of light therefore in order to analyse a sample for a specific element, the light source used must correspond to the wavelength of that element. b) A compartment in which samples are atomised via (flame, graphite furnace, MHS cell, FIAS cell, FIMS cell). c) A monochromator that disperses the light. d) A detector, which measures the light intensity and amplifies the Signal. e) A display that shows the reading. AAS has various uses such as analysis of bodily fluids like blood and urine for heavy metal poisoning and monitoring of the environment by measuring levels of certain elements in lakes, food like fish and the air (Karabegov, 2011). Fluorescence is a photon emission process. Absorption of light by some molecules causes movement of electrons from the ground state to an excited state. This excited molecule will return to a lower energy level by dispersing part of its energy. It will then return to the ground state by emission of a photon (fluorescence). As a result of this loss of energy, stokes shift is observed. Stokes shift is when there is a difference in wavelength of the absorption and emission spectra (Ge, et al., 2010) Only molecules containing a functional group which has the ability to absorb energy of a certain wavelength and re-emit it at a different but specific wavelength (fluorophore) will exhibit fluorescence (Ge, et al., 2010) a) The light source, an example of the first type used is the tungsten-halogen lamp and later on, mercury lamps were used. However, now xenon lamps are mainly used. b) A Monochromator used to select both the excitation and emission wavelength. c) Sample holders, the cuvette is placed in